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COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
COVID-19 cases by UK local authority, as of 20 January 2021.[needs update]
COVID-19 deaths by UK local authority, as of 20 January 2021.[needs update]
Clockwise, from top-left: 'Thank you NHS' sign on a Spitfire NHS Nightingale Hospital in London The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine Sign indicating geographic restriction differences in Cenarth National Covid Memorial Wall in London Deserted A1 road near Newry during the first lockdown
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	United Kingdom
First outbreak	Wuhan, China
Index case	York, North Yorkshire
Arrival date	31 January 2020 (1 year, 10 months, 3 weeks and 3 days ago)[1]
Date	As of 20 December 2021
Confirmed cases
Hospitalised cases	7,482 (active)[2] 615,331 (total)[2]
Ventilator cases	879 (active)[2]
147,832[3] (PHE/DHSC) [nb 1][2][4] 170,911 (ONS) [nb 2][5][2]
Fatality rate	2.88%
Vaccinations	51,617,091[3] (total vaccinated) 47,210,053[3] (fully vaccinated) 130,512,070[3] (doses administered)
Government website
UK Government[nb 3] Scottish Government Welsh Government Northern Ireland Department of Health

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus reached the UK in late January 2020. As of 20 December 2021, there had been 11.4 million confirmed cases – the most in Europe and fourth-highest worldwide. By that date there had been 147,832^[3] deaths among people who had recently tested positive – the world's seventh-highest death toll and 28th-highest death rate by population.^[7][8] This is Europe's second-highest death toll after Russia, and 20th-highest death rate.^[8] Since early 2021, the UK has had one of the world's highest testing rates.^[9][10] There has been some disparity between the outbreak's severity in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – health-care in the UK is devolved, each constituent country having its own publicly-funded healthcare system run by devolved governments.^[11][12][13]

The country's response at first included a public information campaign and certain expansions to government powers, but was otherwise relatively slow in implementing restrictions.^[14] On 23 March 2020, the government responded to the widening outbreak with a stay-at-home order banning all non-essential travel and social contact, and shut schools, businesses and gathering places. Those with symptoms, and their households, were told to self-isolate, while those considered at highest risk were told to shield.^{[15][16][17][18]} Police were empowered to enforce the measures, and all four governments given emergency powers^[19] not used since the Second World War.^[20][21] The health services established temporary critical care hospitals, but initially faced shortages of protective gear. Restrictions were gradually lifted during the summer after the peak of the outbreak. As the infection rate (or positivity rate) rose again in autumn 2020, regional restrictions were reintroduced in some areas and in each of the four countries.

In late 2020, a more infectious variant of the virus emerged in the UK, causing another rise in the infection rate during winter that was deadlier than the first,^[22][23] and prompting another UK-wide lockdown. The country's vaccination programme was the first to start in December 2020 and was in early 2021 one of the world's fastest.^[24][25] As restrictions were lifted from April 2021, the more transmissible Delta variant arrived in the UK and drove another wave of infections in mid-2021, which delayed the lifting of the last restrictions until July. Daily cases rose into the autumn,^[26] but deaths and hospitalisations were lower than previous waves because of high vaccination rates.^[27] In late 2021, the Omicron variant arrived in the UK and drove another rise in cases.^[28]Proof of vaccination or non-infection became mandatory to enter most indoor venues.^[29]

As well as the major strain on the UK's healthcare service and a substantial fall in life expectancy, the pandemic has had a severe impact on the UK's economy, caused major disruptions to education and had far-reaching impacts on society.

History

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.^[30][31] The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,^[32][33] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.^[34][32]

Genetic sequencing has traced most COVID-19 cases in the United Kingdom to imported cases from Italy, France, and Spain, rather than directly from China.^[35]

First wave

COVID-19 cases in the United Kingdom()
Deaths Confirmed cases

JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec

JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec

Date		Deaths (rise)
2020-01-31		2(n.a.)
⋮		2(=)
2020-02-06		3(+1)
⋮		3(=)
2020-02-09		4(+1)
2020-02-10		8(+4)
⋮		8(=)
2020-02-13		9(+1)
⋮		9(=)
2020-02-24		13(+4)
⋮		13(=)
2020-02-28		19(+6)
2020-02-29		23(+4)
2020-03-01		35(+12)
2020-03-02		40(+5)
2020-03-03		51(+11)
2020-03-04		85(+34)
2020-03-05		114(+29)	1(n.a.)
2020-03-06		160(+46)	2(+1)
2020-03-07		206(+46)	2(=)
2020-03-08		271(+65)	3(+1)
2020-03-09		​	321(+50)	7(+4)
2020-03-10		373(+52)	7(=)
2020-03-11		​	456(+83)	9(+2)
2020-03-12		590(+134)	10(+1)
2020-03-13		​	797(+207)	28(+18)
2020-03-14		1,061(+264)	43(+15)
2020-03-15		​	1,391(+330)	65(+22)
2020-03-16		1,543(+152)	81(+16)
2020-03-17		​	1,950(+407)	115(+34)
2020-03-18		2,626(+676)	158(+43)
2020-03-19		​	3,269(+643)	194(+36)
2020-03-20		​	3,983(+714)	250(+56)
2020-03-21		​	5,018(+1,035)	285(+35)
2020-03-22		​	5,683(+665)	359(+74)
2020-03-23		​	6,650(+967)	508(+149)
2020-03-24		​	8,077(+1,427)	694(+186)[i]
2020-03-25		​	9,529(+1,452)	877(+183)
2020-03-26		​	11,658(+2,129)	1,161(+284)
2020-03-27		​	14,548(+2,890)[ii]	1,455(+294)
2020-03-28		​	17,104(+2,556)	1,669(+214)
2020-03-29		​	19,606(+2,502)	2,043(+374)
2020-03-30		​	22,271(+2,665)	2,425(+382)
2020-03-31		​	25,521(+3,250)	3,095(+670)
2020-04-01		​	30,088(+4,567)	3,747(+652)
2020-04-02		​	34,610(+4,522)	4,461(+714)
2020-04-03		​	39,282(+4,672)	5,221(+760)
2020-04-04		​	43,282(+4,000)	5,865(+644)
2020-04-05		​	49,481(+6,199)	6,433(+568)
2020-04-06		​	53,624(+4,143)	7,471(+1,038)
2020-04-07		​	57,512(+3,888)	8,505(+1,034)
2020-04-08		​	63,377(+5,865)	9,608(+1,103)
2020-04-09		​	68,052(+4,675)	10,760(+1,152)
2020-04-10		​	73,758(+5,706)	11,599(+839)
2020-04-11		​	78,991(+5,233)	12,285(+686)
2020-04-12		​	84,279(+5,288)	13,029(+744)
2020-04-13		​	88,621(+4,342)	14,073(+1,044)
2020-04-14		​	93,873(+5,252)	14,915(+842)
2020-04-15		​	98,476(+4,603)	15,944(+1,029)
2020-04-16		​	103,093(+4,617)	16,879(+935)
2020-04-17		​	108,692(+5,599)	17,994(+1,115)
2020-04-18		​	114,217(+5,525)	18,492(+498)
2020-04-19		​	120,067(+5,850)	19,051(+559)
2020-04-20		​	124,743(+4,676)	20,223(+1,172)
2020-04-21		​	129,044(+4,301)	21,060(+837)
2020-04-22		​	133,495(+4,451)	21,787(+727)
2020-04-23		​	138,078(+4,583)	22,792(+1,005)
2020-04-24		​	143,464(+5,386)	23,635(+843)
2020-04-25		​	148,377(+4,913)	24,055(+420)
2020-04-26		​	152,840(+4,463)	24,393(+338)
2020-04-27		​	157,149(+4,309)	25,302(+909)
2020-04-28		​	161,145(+3,996)	26,097(+795)[iii]
2020-04-29		​	165,221(+4,076)	26,771(+674)
2020-04-30		​	171,253(+6,032)	27,510(+739)
2020-05-01		​	177,454(+6,201)	28,131(+621)
2020-05-02		​	182,260(+4,806)	28,446(+315)
2020-05-03		​	186,599(+4,339)	28,734(+288)
2020-05-04		​	190,584(+3,985)	29,427(+693)
2020-05-05		​	194,990(+4,406)	30,076(+649)
2020-05-06		​	201,101(+6,111)	30,615(+539)
2020-05-07		​	206,715(+5,614)	31,241(+626)
2020-05-08		​	211,364(+4,649)	31,587(+346)
2020-05-09		​	215,260(+3,896)	31,855(+268)
2020-05-10		​	219,183(+3,923)	32,065(+210)
2020-05-11		​	223,060(+3,877)	32,692(+627)
2020-05-12		​	226,463(+3,403)	33,186(+494)
2020-05-13		​	229,705(+3,242)	33,614(+428)
2020-05-14		​	233,151(+3,446)	33,998(+384)
2020-05-15		​	236,711(+3,560)	34,466(+468)
2020-05-16		​	240,161(+3,450)	34,636(+170)
2020-05-17		​	243,695(+3,534)	34,796(+160)
2020-05-18		​	246,406(+2,711)[iv]	35,341(+545)
2020-05-19		​	248,818(+2,412)	35,704(+363)
2020-05-20		​	248,293[v]	36,042(+338)
2020-05-21		​	250,908(+2,615)	36,393(+351)
2020-05-22		​	254,195(+3,287)	36,675(+282)
2020-05-23		​	257,154(+2,959)	37,116(+441)
2020-05-24		​	259,559(+2,405)	37,237(+121)
2020-05-25		​	261,184(+1,625)	37,373(+136)
2020-05-26		​	263,188(+2,004)	37,807(+434)
2020-05-27		​	267,240(+4,052)	38,220(+413)
2020-05-28		​	269,127(+1,887)	38,593(+373)
2020-05-29		​	271,222(+2,095)	38,819(+226)
2020-05-30		​	272,826(+1,604)	38,934(+115)
2020-05-31		​	274,762(+1,936)	39,045(+111)[vi]
2020-06-01		​	276,332(+1,570)	39,369(+324)
2020-06-02		​	277,985(+1,653)	39,728(+359)
2020-06-03		​	279,856(+1,871)	39,904(+176)
2020-06-04		​	281,661(+1,805)	40,261(+357)
2020-06-05		​	283,311(+1,650)	40,465(+204)
2020-06-06		​	284,868(+1,557)	40,542(+77)
2020-06-07		​	286,194(+1,326)	40,597(+55)
2020-06-08		​	287,399(+1,205)	40,883(+286)
2020-06-09		​	289,140(+1,741)	41,128(+245)
2020-06-10		​	290,143(+1,003)	41,279(+151)
2020-06-11		​	291,409(+1,266)	41,481(+202)
2020-06-12		​	292,950(+1,541)	41,662(+181)
2020-06-13		​	294,375(+1,425)	41,698(+36)
2020-06-14		​	295,889(+1,514)	41,736(+38)
2020-06-15		​	296,857(+968)	41,969(+233)
2020-06-16		​	298,136(+1,279)	42,153(+184)
2020-06-17		​	299,251(+1,115)	42,288(+135)
2020-06-18		​	300,469(+1,218)	42,461(+173)
2020-06-19		​	301,815(+1,346)	42,589(+128)
2020-06-20		​	303,110(+1,295)	42,632(+43)
2020-06-21		​	304,331(+1,221)	42,647(+15)
2020-06-22		​	305,289(+958)	42,927(+280)
2020-06-23		​	306,210(+921)	43,081(+154)
2020-06-24		​	306,862(+652)	43,230(+149)
2020-06-25		​	307,980(+1,118)	43,414(+184)
2020-06-26		​	309,360(+1,380)	43,514(+100)
2020-06-27		​	310,250(+890)	43,550(+36)
2020-06-28		​	311,151(+901)	43,575(+25)
2020-06-29		​	311,965(+814)	43,730(+155)
2020-06-30		​	312,654(+689)	43,906(+176)
2020-07-01		​	313,483(+829)	43,995(+89)
2020-07-02		​	283,757[vii]	44,131(+136)
2020-07-03		​	284,276(+519)	44,198(+67)
2020-07-04		​	284,900(+624)	44,220(+22)
2020-07-05		​	285,416(+516)	44,236(+16)
2020-07-06		​	285,768(+352)	44,391(+155)
2020-07-07		​	286,349(+581)	44,517(+126)
2020-07-08		​	286,979(+630)	44,602(+85)
2020-07-09		​	287,621(+642)	44,650(+48)
2020-07-10		​	288,133(+512)	44,798(+148)
2020-07-11		​	288,953(+820)	44,819(+21)
2020-07-12		​	289,603(+650)	44,830(+11)
2020-07-13		​	290,133(+530)	44,968(+138)
2020-07-14		​	291,373(+1,240)[viii]	45,053(+85)
2020-07-15		​	291,911(+538)	45,119(+66)
2020-07-16		​	292,552(+641)	45,233(+114)[ix]
2020-07-17		​	293,239(+687)	45,273(+40)
2020-07-18		​	294,066(+827)	45,301(+28)
2020-07-19		​	294,792(+726)	45,312(+11)
2020-07-20		​	295,372(+580)	45,422(+110)
2020-07-21		​	295,817(+445)	45,501(+79)
2020-07-22		​	296,377(+560)	45,554(+53)
2020-07-23		​	297,146(+769)	45,677(+123)
2020-07-24		​	297,914(+768)	45,738(+61)
2020-07-25		​	298,681(+767)	45,752(+14)
2020-07-26		​	299,426(+745)	45,759(+7)
2020-07-27		​	300,111(+685)	45,878(+119)
2020-07-28		​	300,692(+581)	45,961(+83)
2020-07-29		​	301,455(+763)	45,999(+38)
2020-07-30		​	302,301(+846)	46,054(+55)
2020-07-31		​	303,181(+880)	46,119(+65)
2020-08-01		​	303,952(+771)	46,193(+74)
2020-08-02		​	304,695(+743)	46,201(+8)
2020-08-03		​	305,623(+928)	46,210(+9)
2020-08-04		​	306,293(+670)	46,299(+89)
2020-08-05		​	307,184(+891)	46,364(+65)
2020-08-06		​	308,134(+950)	46,413(+49)
2020-08-07		​	309,005(+871)	46,511(+98)
2020-08-08		​	309,763(+758)	46,566(+55)
2020-08-09		​	310,825(+1,062)	46,574(+8)
2020-08-10		​	311,641(+816)	46,526
2020-08-11		​	312,789(+1,148)	46,526(=)
2020-08-12		​	313,798(+1,009)	41,329[x]
2020-08-13		​	314,927(+1,129)	41,329(=)
2020-08-14		​	316,367(+1,440)	41,357(+28)
2020-08-15		​	317,444(+1,077)	41,361(+4)
2020-08-16		​	318,484(+1,040)	41,366(+5)
2020-08-17		​	319,197(+713)	41,369(+3)
2020-08-18		​	320,286(+1,089)	41,381(+12)
2020-08-19		​	321,098(+812)	41,397(+16)
2020-08-20		​	322,280(+1,182)	41,403(+6)
2020-08-21		​	323,313(+1,033)	41,405(+2)
2020-08-22		​	324,601(+1,288)	41,423(+18)
2020-08-23		​	325,642(+1,041)	41,429(+6)
2020-08-24		​	326,614(+972)	41,433(+4)
2020-08-25		​	327,798(+1,184)	41,449(+16)
2020-08-26		​	328,846(+1,048)	41,465(+16)
2020-08-27		​	330,368(+1,522)	41,477(+12)
2020-08-28		​	331,644(+1,276)	41,486(+9)
2020-08-29		​	332,752(+1,108)	41,498(+12)
2020-08-30		​	334,467(+1,715)	41,499(+1)
2020-08-31		​	335,873(+1,406)	41,501(+2)
2020-09-01		​	337,168(+1,295)	41,504(+3)
2020-09-02		​	338,676(+1,508)	41,514(+10)
2020-09-03		​	340,411(+1,735)	41,527(+13)
2020-09-04		​	342,351(+1,940)	41,537(+10)
2020-09-05		​	344,164(+1,813)	41,549(+12)
2020-09-06		​	347,152(+2,988)	41,551(+2)
2020-09-07		​	350,100(+2,948)	41,554(+3)
2020-09-08		​	352,520(+2,420)	41,584(+30)
2020-09-09		​	355,219(+2,699)	41,594(+10)
2020-09-10		​	358,138(+2,919)	41,608(+14)
2020-09-11		​	361,677(+3,539)	41,614(+6)
2020-09-12		​	365,174(+3,497)	41,623(+9)
2020-09-13		​	368,504(+3,330)	41,628(+5)
2020-09-14		​	371,125(+2,621)	41,637(+9)
2020-09-15		​	374,228(+3,103)	41,664(+27)
2020-09-16		​	378,219(+3,991)	41,684(+20)
2020-09-17		​	381,614(+3,395)	41,705(+21)
2020-09-18		​	385,936(+4,322)	41,732(+27)
2020-09-19		​	390,358(+4,422)	41,759(+27)
2020-09-20		​	394,257(+3,899)	41,777(+18)
2020-09-21		​	398,625(+4,368)	41,788(+11)
2020-09-22		​	403,551(+4,926)	41,825(+37)
2020-09-23		​	409,759(+6,208)	41,862(+37)
2020-09-24		​	416,363(+6,604)	41,902(+40)
2020-09-25		​	423,236(+6,873)	41,936(+34)
2020-09-26		​	429,277(+6,041)	41,971(+35)
2020-09-27		​	434,969(+5,692)	41,988(+17)
2020-09-28		​	439,013(+4,044)	42,001(+13)
2020-09-29		​	446,156(+7,143)	42,072(+71)
2020-09-30		​	453,264(+7,108)	42,143(+71)
2020-10-01		​	460,178(+6,914)	42,202(+59)
2020-10-02		​	467,146(+6,968)	42,268(+66)
2020-10-03		​	480,017(+12,871)[xi]	42,317(+49)
2020-10-04		​	502,978(+22,961)[xi]	42,350(+33)
2020-10-05		​	515,571(+12,593)	42,369(+19)
2020-10-06		​	530,113(+14,542)	42,445(+76)
2020-10-07		​	544,275(+14,162)	42,515(+70)
2020-10-08		​	561,815(+17,540)	42,592(+77)
2020-10-09		​	575,679(+13,864)	42,679(+87)
2020-10-10		​	590,844(+15,165)	42,760(+81)
2020-10-11		​	603,716(+12,872)	42,825(+65)
2020-10-12		​	617,688(+13,972)	42,875(+50)
2020-10-13		​	634,920(+17,232)	42,875(=)
2020-10-14		​	654,644(+19,724)	43,155(+280)
2020-10-15		​	673,622(+18,978)	43,293(+138)
2020-10-16		​	689,257(+15,635)	43,429(+136)
2020-10-17		​	705,428(+16,171)	43,579(+150)
2020-10-18		​	722,409(+16,981)	43,646(+67)
2020-10-19		​	741,212(+18,803)	43,726(+80)
2020-10-20		​	762,542(+21,330)	43,967(+241)
2020-10-21		​	789,229(+26,687)	44,158(+191)
2020-10-22		​	810,467(+21,238)	44,347(+189)
2020-10-23		​	830,998(+20,531)	44,571(+224)
2020-10-24		​	854,010(+23,012)	44,745(+174)
2020-10-25		​	873,800(+19,790)	44,896(+151)
2020-10-26		​	894,690(+20,890)	44,998(+102)
2020-10-27		​	917,575(+22,885)	45,365(+367)
2020-10-28		​	942,275(+24,700)	45,675(+310)
2020-10-29		​	965,340(+23,065)	45,955(+280)
2020-10-30		​	989,745(+24,405)	46,229(+274)
2020-10-31		​	1,011,660(+21,915)	46,555(+326)
2020-11-01		​	1,034,914(+23,254)	46,717(+162)
2020-11-02		​	1,053,864(+18,950)	46,853(+136)
2020-11-03		​	1,073,882(+20,018)	47,250(+397)
2020-11-04		​	1,099,059(+25,177)	47,742(+492)
2020-11-05		​	1,123,197(+24,138)	48,120(+378)
2020-11-06		​	1,146,484(+23,287)	48,475(+355)
2020-11-07		​	1,171,441(+24,957)	48,888(+413)
2020-11-08		​	1,192,013(+20,572)	49,044(+156)
2020-11-09		​	1,213,363(+21,350)	49,238(+194)
2020-11-10		​	1,233,775(+20,412)	49,770(+532)
2020-11-11		​	1,256,725(+22,950)	50,365(+595)
2020-11-12		​	1,290,195(+33,470)	50,928(+563)
2020-11-13		​	1,317,496(+27,301)	51,304(+376)
2020-11-14		​	1,344,356(+26,860)	51,766(+462)
2020-11-15		​	1,369,318(+24,962)	51,934(+168)
2020-11-16		​	1,390,681(+21,363)	52,147(+213)
2020-11-17		​	1,410,732(+20,051)	52,745(+598)
2020-11-18		​	1,430,341(+19,609)	53,274(+529)
2020-11-19		​	1,453,256(+22,915)	53,775(+501)
2020-11-20		​	1,473,508(+20,252)	54,286(+511)
2020-11-21		​	1,493,383(+19,875)	54,626(+340)
2020-11-22		​	1,512,045(+18,662)	55,024(+398)[xii]
2020-11-23		​	1,527,495(+15,450)	55,230(+206)
2020-11-24		​	1,538,794(+11,299)	55,838(+608)
2020-11-25		​	1,557,007(+18,213)	56,533(+695)
2020-11-26		​	1,574,562(+17,555)	57,031(+498)
2020-11-27		​	1,589,301(+14,739)	57,551(+520)
2020-11-28		​	1,605,172(+15,871)	58,030(+479)
2020-11-29		​	1,617,327(+12,155)	58,245(+215)
2020-11-30		​	1,629,657(+12,330)	58,448(+203)
2020-12-01		​	1,643,086(+13,429)	59,051(+603)
2020-12-02		​	1,659,256(+16,170)	59,699(+648)
2020-12-03		​	1,674,134(+14,878)	60,113(+414)
2020-12-04		​	1,690,432(+16,298)	60,617(+504)
2020-12-05		​	1,705,971(+15,539)	61,014(+397)
2020-12-06		​	1,723,242(+17,271)	61,245(+231)
2020-12-07		​	1,737,960(+14,718)	61,434(+189)
2020-12-08		​	1,750,241(+12,281)	62,033(+599)
2020-12-09		​	1,766,819(+16,578)	62,566(+533)
2020-12-10		​	1,787,783(+20,964)	63,082(+516)
2020-12-11		​	1,809,455(+21,672)	63,506(+424)
2020-12-12		​	1,830,956(+21,501)	64,026(+520)
2020-12-13		​	1,849,403(+18,447)	64,170(+144)
2020-12-14		​	1,869,666(+20,263)	64,402(+232)
2020-12-15		​	1,888,116(+18,450)	64,908(+506)
2020-12-16		​	1,913,277(+25,161)	65,520(+612)
2020-12-17		​	1,948,660(+35,383)[xiii]	66,052(+532)
2020-12-18		​	1,977,167(+28,507)	66,541(+489)
2020-12-19		​	2,004,219(+27,052)	67,075(+534)
2020-12-20		​	2,040,147(+35,928)	67,401(+326)
2020-12-21		​	2,073,511(+33,364)	67,616(+215)
2020-12-22		​	2,110,314(+36,803)	68,307(+691)
2020-12-23		​	2,149,551(+39,237)	69,051(+744)
2020-12-24		​	2,188,587(+39,036)	69,625(+574)
2020-12-25		​	2,221,312(+32,725)	70,195(+570)
2020-12-26		​	2,256,005(+34,693)	70,405(+210)
2020-12-27		​	2,288,345(+32,340)	70,752(+347)
2020-12-28		​	2,329,730(+41,385)	71,109(+357)
2020-12-29		​	2,382,865(+53,135)	71,567(+458)
2020-12-30		​	2,432,888(+50,023)	72,548(+981)
2020-12-31		​	2,488,780(+55,892)	73,512(+964)
2021-01-01		​	2,542,065(+53,285)	74,125(+613)
2021-01-02		​	2,599,789(+57,724)	74,570(+445)
2021-01-03		​	2,654,779(+54,990)	75,024(+454)
2021-01-04		​	2,713,563(+58,784)	75,431(+407)
2021-01-05		​	2,774,479(+60,916)	76,305(+874)
2021-01-06		​	2,836,801(+62,322)	77,346(+1,041)
2021-01-07		​	2,889,419(+52,618)	78,508(+1,162)
2021-01-08		​	2,957,472(+68,053)	79,833(+1,325)
2021-01-09		​	3,017,409(+59,937)	80,868(+1,035)
2021-01-10		​	3,072,349(+54,940)	81,431(+563)
2021-01-11		​	3,118,518(+46,169)	81,960(+529)
2021-01-12		​	3,164,051(+45,533)	83,203(+1,243)
2021-01-13		​	3,211,576(+47,525)	84,767(+1,564)
2021-01-14		​	3,260,258(+48,682)	86,015(+1,248)
2021-01-15		​	3,316,019(+55,761)	87,295(+1,280)
2021-01-16		​	3,357,361(+41,342)	88,590(+1,295)
2021-01-17		​	3,395,959(+38,598)	89,261(+671)
2021-01-18		​	3,433,494(+37,535)	89,860(+599)
2021-01-19		​	3,466,849(+33,355)	91,470(+1,610)
2021-01-20		​	3,505,754(+38,905)	93,290(+1,820)
2021-01-21		​	3,543,646(+37,892)	94,580(+1,290)
2021-01-22		​	3,583,907(+40,261)	95,981(+1,401)
2021-01-23		​	3,617,459(+33,552)	97,329(+1,348)
2021-01-24		​	3,647,463(+30,004)	97,939(+610)
2021-01-25		​	3,669,658(+22,195)	98,531(+592)
2021-01-26		​	3,689,746(+20,088)	100,162(+1,631)
2021-01-27		​	3,715,054(+25,308)	101,887(+1,725)
2021-01-28		​	3,743,734(+28,680)	103,126(+1,239)
2021-01-29		​	3,772,813(+29,079)	104,371(+1,245)
2021-01-30		​	3,796,088(+23,275)	105,571(+1,200)
2021-01-31		​	3,817,176(+21,088)	106,158(+587)
2021-02-01		​	3,835,783(+18,607)	106,564(+406)
2021-02-02		​	3,852,623(+16,840)	108,013(+1,449)
2021-02-03		​	3,871,825(+19,202)	109,335(+1,322)
2021-02-04		​	3,892,459(+20,634)	110,250(+915)
2021-02-05		​	3,911,573(+19,114)	111,264(+1,014)
2021-02-06		​	3,929,835(+18,262)	112,092(+828)
2021-02-07		​	3,945,680(+15,845)	112,465(+373)
2021-02-08		​	3,959,784(+14,104)	112,798(+333)
2021-02-09		​	3,972,148(+12,364)	113,850(+1,052)
2021-02-10		​	3,985,161(+13,013)	114,851(+1,001)
2021-02-11		​	3,998,655(+13,494)	115,529(+678)
2021-02-12		​	4,013,799(+15,144)	116,287(+758)
2021-02-13		​	4,027,106(+13,307)	116,908(+621)
2021-02-14		​	4,038,078(+10,972)	117,166(+258)
2021-02-15		​	4,047,843(+9,765)	117,396(+230)
2021-02-16		​	4,058,468(+10,625)	118,195(+799)
2021-02-17		​	4,071,185(+12,717)	118,933(+738)
2021-02-18		​	4,083,242(+12,057)	119,387(+454)
2021-02-19		​	4,095,269(+12,027)	119,920(+533)
2021-02-20		​	4,105,675(+10,406)	120,365(+445)
2021-02-21		​	4,115,509(+9,834)	120,580(+215)
2021-02-22		​	4,126,150(+10,641)	120,757(+177)
2021-02-23		​	4,134,639(+8,489)	121,305(+548)
2021-02-24		​	4,144,577(+9,938)	121,747(+442)
2021-02-25		​	4,154,562(+9,985)	122,070(+323)
2021-02-26		​	4,163,085(+8,523)	122,415(+345)
2021-02-27		​	4,170,519(+7,434)	122,705(+290)
2021-02-28		​	4,176,554(+6,035)	122,849(+144)
2021-03-01		​	4,182,009(+5,455)	122,953(+104)
2021-03-02		​	4,188,400(+6,391)	123,296(+343)
2021-03-03		​	4,194,785(+6,385)	123,783(+487)[xiv]
2021-03-04		​	4,201,358(+6,573)	124,025(+242)
2021-03-05		​	4,207,304(+5,946)	124,261(+236)
2021-03-06		​	4,213,343(+6,039)	124,419(+158)
2021-03-07		​	4,218,520(+5,177)	124,501(+82)
2021-03-08		​	4,223,232(+4,712)	124,566(+65)
2021-03-09		​	4,228,998(+5,766)	124,797(+231)
2021-03-10		​	4,234,924(+5,926)	124,987(+190)
2021-03-11		​	4,241,677(+6,753)	125,168(+181)
2021-03-12		​	4,248,286(+6,609)	125,343(+175)
2021-03-13		​	4,253,820(+5,534)	125,464(+121)[xv]
2021-03-14		​	4,258,438(+4,618)	125,516(+52)
2021-03-15		​	4,263,527(+5,089)	125,580(+64)
2021-03-16		​	4,268,821(+5,294)	125,690(+110)
2021-03-17		​	4,274,579(+5,758)	125,831(+141)
2021-03-18		​	4,280,882(+6,303)	125,926(+95)
2021-03-19		​	4,285,684(+4,802)	126,026(+100)
2021-03-20		​	4,291,271(+5,587)	126,122(+96)
2021-03-21		​	4,296,583(+5,312)	126,155(+33)
2021-03-22		​	4,301,925(+5,342)	126,172(+17)
2021-03-23		​	4,307,304(+5,379)	126,284(+112)
2021-03-24		​	4,312,908(+5,604)	126,382(+98)
2021-03-25		​	4,319,128(+6,220)	126,445(+63)
2021-03-26		​	4,325,315(+6,187)	126,515(+70)
2021-03-27		​	4,329,180(+3,865)	126,573(+58)
2021-03-28		​	4,333,042(+3,862)	126,592(+19)
2021-03-29		​	4,337,696(+4,654)	126,615(+23)
2021-03-30		​	4,341,736(+4,040)	126,670(+55)
2021-03-31		​	4,345,788(+4,052)	126,713(+43)
2021-04-01		​	4,350,266(+4,478)	126,764(+51)
2021-04-02		​	4,353,668(+3,402)	126,816(+52)[xvi]
2021-04-03		​	4,357,091(+3,423)	126,826(+10)
2021-04-04		​	4,359,388(+2,297)	126,836(+10)
2021-04-05		​	4,362,150(+2,762)	126,862(+26)
2021-04-06		​	4,364,529(+2,379)	126,882(+20)
2021-04-07		​	4,367,291(+2,762)	126,927(+45)
2021-04-08		​	4,370,321(+3,030)	126,980(+53)
2021-04-09		​	4,365,461[xvii]	127,040(+60)
2021-04-10		​	4,368,045(+2,584)	127,080(+40)
2021-04-11		​	4,369,775(+1,730)	127,087(+7)
2021-04-12		​	4,373,343(+3,568)	127,100(+13)
2021-04-13		​	4,375,814(+2,471)	127,123(+23)
2021-04-14		​	4,378,305(+2,491)	127,161(+38)
2021-04-15		​	4,380,976(+2,671)	127,191(+30)
2021-04-16		​	4,383,732(+2,756)	127,225(+34)
2021-04-17		​	4,385,938(+2,206)	127,260(+35)
2021-04-18		​	4,387,820(+1,882)	127,270(+10)
2021-04-19		​	4,390,783(+2,963)	127,274(+4)
2021-04-20		​	4,393,307(+2,524)	127,307(+33)
2021-04-21		​	4,395,703(+2,396)	127,327(+20)
2021-04-22		​	4,398,431(+2,728)	127,345(+18)
2021-04-23		​	4,401,109(+2,678)	127,385(+40)
2021-04-24		​	4,403,170(+2,061)	127,417(+32)
2021-04-25		​	4,404,882(+1,712)	127,428(+11)
2021-04-26		​	4,406,946(+2,064)	127,434(+6)
2021-04-27		​	4,409,631(+2,685)	127,451(+17)
2021-04-28		​	4,411,797(+2,166)	127,480(+29)
2021-04-29		​	4,414,242(+2,445)	127,502(+22)
2021-04-30		​	4,416,623(+2,381)	127,517(+15)
2021-05-01		​	4,418,530(+1,907)	127,524(+7)
2021-05-02		​	4,420,201(+1,671)	127,538(+14)
2021-05-03		​	4,421,850(+1,649)	127,539(+1)
2021-05-04		​	4,423,796(+1,946)	127,543(+4)
2021-05-05		​	4,425,940(+2,144)	127,570(+27)
2021-05-06		​	4,428,553(+2,613)	127,583(+13)
2021-05-07		​	4,431,043(+2,490)	127,598(+15)
2021-05-08		​	4,433,090(+2,047)	127,603(+5)
2021-05-09		​	4,434,860(+1,770)	127,605(+2)
2021-05-10		​	4,437,217(+2,357)	127,609(+4)
2021-05-11		​	4,439,691(+2,474)	127,629(+20)
2021-05-12		​	4,441,975(+2,284)	127,640(+11)
2021-05-13		​	4,444,631(+2,656)	127,651(+11)
2021-05-14		​	4,446,824(+2,193)	127,668(+17)
2021-05-15		​	4,448,851(+2,027)	127,675(+7)
2021-05-16		​	4,450,777(+1,926)	127,679(+4)
2021-05-17		​	4,452,756(+1,979)	127,684(+5)
2021-05-18		​	4,450,392[xviii]	127,691(+7)
2021-05-19		​	4,452,527(+2,135)[xix]	127,694(+3)
2021-05-20		​	4,455,221(+2,694)[xx]	127,701(+7)
2021-05-21		​	4,457,923(+2,702)	127,710(+9)
2021-05-22		​	4,460,446(+2,523)	127,716(+6)
2021-05-23		​	4,462,538(+2,092)	127,721(+5)
2021-05-24		​	4,464,900(+2,362)	127,724(+3)
2021-05-25		​	4,467,310(+2,410)	127,739(+15)
2021-05-26		​	4,470,297(+2,987)	127,748(+9)
2021-05-27		​	4,473,677(+3,380)	127,758(+10)
2021-05-28		​	4,477,705(+4,028)	127,768(+10)
2021-05-29		​	4,480,945(+3,240)	127,775(+7)
2021-05-30		​	4,484,056(+3,111)	127,781(+6)
2021-05-31		​	4,487,339(+3,283)	127,782(+1)
2021-06-01		​	4,490,438(+3,099)	127,782(=)
2021-06-02		​	4,494,699(+4,261)	127,794(+12)
2021-06-03		​	4,499,878(+5,179)	127,812(+18)
2021-06-04		​	4,506,018(+6,140)	127,823(+11)
2021-06-05		​	4,511,669(+5,651)	127,836(+13)
2021-06-06		​	4,516,892(+5,223)	127,840(+4)
2021-06-07		​	4,522,476(+5,584)	127,841(+1)
2021-06-08		​	4,528,442(+5,966)	127,854(+13)
2021-06-09		​	4,535,754(+7,312)	127,860(+6)
2021-06-10		​	4,542,986(+7,232)	127,867(+7)
2021-06-11		​	4,550,944(+7,958)	127,884(+17)
2021-06-12		​	4,558,494(+7,550)	127,896(+12)
2021-06-13		​	4,565,813(+7,319)	127,904(+8)
2021-06-14		​	4,573,419(+7,606)	127,907(+3)
2021-06-15		​	4,581,006(+7,587)	127,917(+10)
2021-06-16		​	4,589,814(+8,808)	127,926(+9)
2021-06-17		​	4,600,623(+10,809)	127,945(+19)
2021-06-18		​	4,610,893(+10,270)	127,956(+11)
2021-06-19		​	4,620,968(+10,075)	127,970(+14)
2021-06-20		​	4,630,040(+9,072)	127,976(+6)
2021-06-21		​	4,640,507(+10,467)	127,981(+5)
2021-06-22		​	4,651,988(+11,481)	128,008(+27)
2021-06-23		​	4,667,870(+15,882)	128,027(+19)
2021-06-24		​	4,684,572(+16,702)	128,048(+21)
2021-06-25		​	4,699,868(+15,296)	128,066(+18)
2021-06-26		​	4,717,811(+17,943)	128,089(+23)
2021-06-27		​	4,732,434(+14,623)	128,100(+11)
2021-06-28		​	4,755,078(+22,644)	128,103(+3)
2021-06-29		​	4,775,301(+20,223)	128,126(+23)
2021-06-30		​	4,800,907(+25,606)	128,140(+14)
2021-07-01		​	4,828,463(+27,556)	128,162(+22)
2021-07-02		​	4,855,169(+26,706)	128,189(+27)
2021-07-03		​	4,879,616(+24,447)	128,207(+18)
2021-07-04		​	4,903,434(+23,818)	128,222(+15)
2021-07-05		​	4,930,534(+27,100)	128,231(+9)
2021-07-06		​	4,958,868(+28,334)	128,268(+37)
2021-07-07		​	4,990,916(+32,048)	128,301(+33)
2021-07-08		​	5,022,893(+31,977)	128,336(+35)
2021-07-09		​	5,058,093(+35,200)	128,365(+29)
2021-07-10		​	5,089,893(+31,800)	128,399(+34)
2021-07-11		​	5,121,245(+31,352)	128,425(+26)
2021-07-12		​	5,155,243(+33,998)	128,431(+6)
2021-07-13		​	5,191,459(+36,216)	128,481(+50)
2021-07-14		​	5,233,207(+41,748)	128,530(+49)
2021-07-15		​	5,281,098(+47,891)	128,593(+63)
2021-07-16		​	5,332,371(+51,273)	128,642(+49)
2021-07-17		​	5,386,340(+53,969)	128,683(+41)
2021-07-18		​	5,433,939(+47,599)	128,708(+25)
2021-07-19		​	5,473,477(+39,538)	128,727(+19)
2021-07-20		​	5,519,602(+46,125)	128,823(+96)
2021-07-21		​	5,563,006(+43,404)	128,896(+73)
2021-07-22		​	5,602,321(+39,315)	128,980(+84)
2021-07-23		​	5,637,975(+35,654)	129,044(+64)
2021-07-24		​	5,669,260(+31,285)	129,130(+86)
2021-07-25		​	5,697,912(+28,652)	129,158(+28)
2021-07-26		​	5,722,298(+24,386)	129,172(+14)
2021-07-27		​	5,745,526(+23,228)	129,303(+131)
2021-07-28		​	5,770,928(+25,402)	129,430(+127)
2021-07-29		​	5,801,561(+30,633)	129,515(+85)
2021-07-30		​	5,830,774(+29,213)	129,583(+68)
2021-07-31		​	5,856,528(+25,754)	129,654(+71)
2021-08-01		​	5,880,667(+24,139)	129,719(+65)
2021-08-02		​	5,902,354(+21,687)	129,743(+24)
2021-08-03		​	5,923,820(+21,466)	129,881(+138)
2021-08-04		​	5,952,756(+28,936)	130,000(+119)
2021-08-05		​	5,982,581(+29,825)	130,086(+86)
2021-08-06		​	6,014,023(+31,442)	130,178(+92)
2021-08-07		​	6,042,252(+28,229)	130,281(+103)
2021-08-08		​	6,069,362(+27,110)	130,320(+39)
2021-08-09		​	6,094,243(+24,881)	130,357(+37)
2021-08-10		​	6,117,540(+23,297)	130,503(+146)
2021-08-11		​	6,146,800(+29,260)	130,607(+104)
2021-08-12		​	6,179,506(+32,706)	130,701(+94)
2021-08-13		​	6,211,868(+32,362)	130,801(+100)
2021-08-14		​	6,241,011(+29,143)	130,894(+93)
2021-08-15		​	6,267,437(+26,426)	130,953(+59)
2021-08-16		​	6,295,613(+28,176)	130,979(+26)
2021-08-17		​	6,322,241(+26,628)	131,149(+170)
2021-08-18		​	6,355,887(+33,646)	131,260(+111)
2021-08-19		​	6,392,160(+36,273)	131,373(+113)
2021-08-20		​	6,429,147(+36,987)	131,487(+114)
2021-08-21		​	6,460,930(+31,783)	131,591(+104)
2021-08-22		​	6,492,906(+31,976)	131,640(+49)
2021-08-23		​	6,524,581(+31,675)	131,680(+40)
2021-08-24		​	6,555,200(+30,619)	131,854(+174)
2021-08-25		​	6,590,747(+35,547)	132,003(+149)
2021-08-26		​	6,628,709(+37,962)	132,143(+140)
2021-08-27		​	6,666,399(+37,690)	132,243(+100)
2021-08-28		​	6,698,486(+32,087)	132,376(+133)
2021-08-29		​	6,731,423(+32,937)	132,437(+61)
2021-08-30		​	6,757,650(+26,227)	132,485(+48)[xxi]
2021-08-31		​	6,789,581(+31,931)	132,535(+50)
2021-09-01		​	6,825,074(+35,493)	132,742(+207)
2021-09-02		​	6,862,904(+37,830)	132,920(+178)
2021-09-03		​	6,904,969(+42,065)	133,041(+121)
2021-09-04		​	6,941,611(+36,642)	133,161(+120)
2021-09-05		​	6,978,126(+36,515)	133,229(+68)
2021-09-06		​	7,018,927(+40,801)	133,274(+45)
2021-09-07		​	7,056,106(+37,179)	133,483(+209)
2021-09-08		​	7,094,592(+38,486)	133,674(+191)
2021-09-09		​	7,132,072(+37,480)	133,841(+167)
2021-09-10		​	7,168,806(+36,734)	133,988(+147)
2021-09-11		​	7,197,662(+28,856)	134,144(+156)
2021-09-12		​	7,226,276(+28,614)	134,200(+56)
2021-09-13		​	7,256,559(+30,283)	134,261(+61)
2021-09-14		​	7,282,810(+26,251)	134,446(+185)
2021-09-15		​	7,312,683(+29,873)	134,647(+201)
2021-09-16		​	7,339,009(+26,326)	134,805(+158)
2021-09-17		​	7,371,301(+32,292)	134,983(+178)
2021-09-18		​	7,400,739(+29,438)	135,147(+164)
2021-09-19		​	7,429,746(+29,007)	135,203(+56)
2021-09-20		​	7,465,448(+35,702)	135,252(+49)
2021-09-21		​	7,496,543(+31,095)	135,455(+203)
2021-09-22		​	7,530,103(+33,560)	135,621(+166)
2021-09-23		​	7,565,867(+35,764)	135,803(+182)
2021-09-24		​	7,601,487(+35,620)	135,983(+180)
2021-09-25		​	7,631,233(+29,746)	136,105(+122)
2021-09-26		​	7,664,230(+32,997)	136,168(+63)
2021-09-27		​	7,701,715(+37,485)	136,208(+40)
2021-09-28		​	7,736,235(+34,520)	136,375(+167)
2021-09-29		​	7,771,294(+35,059)	136,525(+150)
2021-09-30		​	7,807,036(+35,742)	136,662(+137)
2021-10-01		​	7,841,625(+34,589)	136,789(+127)
2021-10-02		​	7,871,014(+29,389)	136,910(+121)
2021-10-03		​	7,900,680(+29,666)	136,953(+43)
2021-10-04		​	7,934,936(+34,256)	136,986(+33)
2021-10-05		​	7,967,985(+33,049)	137,152(+166)
2021-10-06		​	8,006,660(+38,675)	137,295(+143)
2021-10-07		​	8,046,390(+39,730)	137,417(+122)
2021-10-08		​	8,081,300(+34,910)	137,541(+124)
2021-10-09		​	8,120,713(+39,413)	137,697(+156)[xxii]
2021-10-10		​	8,154,306(+33,593)	137,735(+38)
2021-10-11		​	8,193,769(+39,463)	137,763(+28)
2021-10-12		​	8,231,437(+37,668)	137,944(+181)
2021-10-13		​	8,272,883(+41,446)	138,080(+136)
2021-10-14		​	8,317,439(+44,556)	138,237(+157)
2021-10-15		​	8,361,651(+44,212)	138,379(+142)
2021-10-16		​	8,404,469(+42,818)	138,527(+148)
2021-10-17		​	8,449,165(+44,696)	138,584(+57)
2021-10-18		​	8,497,868(+48,703)	138,629(+45)
2021-10-19		​	8,541,192(+43,324)	138,852(+223)
2021-10-20		​	8,589,737(+48,545)	139,031(+179)
2021-10-21		​	8,641,221(+51,484)	139,146(+115)
2021-10-22		​	8,689,949(+48,728)	139,326(+180)
2021-10-23		​	8,734,934(+44,985)	139,461(+135)
2021-10-24		​	8,773,674(+38,740)	139,533(+72)
2021-10-25		​	8,809,774(+36,100)	139,571(+38)
2021-10-26		​	8,853,227(+43,453)	139,834(+263)[xxiii]
2021-10-27		​	8,897,149(+43,922)	140,041(+207)
2021-10-28		​	8,936,155(+39,006)	140,206(+165)
2021-10-29		​	8,979,236(+43,081)	140,392(+186)
2021-10-30		​	9,019,962(+40,726)	140,558(+166)
2021-10-31		​	9,057,629(+37,667)	140,632(+74)
2021-11-01		​	9,097,706(+40,077)	140,672(+40)
2021-11-02		​	9,130,857(+33,151)	140,964(+292)[xxiv]
2021-11-03		​	9,171,660(+40,803)	141,181(+217)
2021-11-04		​	9,208,219(+36,559)	141,395(+214)
2021-11-05		​	9,241,916(+33,697)	141,588(+193)
2021-11-06		​	9,272,066(+30,150)	141,743(+155)
2021-11-07		​	9,301,909(+29,843)	141,805(+62)
2021-11-08		​	9,333,891(+31,982)	141,862(+57)
2021-11-09		​	9,366,676(+32,785)	142,124(+262)
2021-11-10		​	9,406,001(+39,325)	142,338(+214)
2021-11-11		​	9,448,402(+42,401)	142,533(+195)
2021-11-12		​	9,487,302(+38,900)	142,678(+145)
2021-11-13		​	9,524,971(+37,669)	142,835(+157)
2021-11-14		​	9,561,099(+36,128)	142,898(+63)
2021-11-15		​	9,600,369(+39,270)	142,945(+47)
2021-11-16		​	9,637,190(+36,821)	143,159(+214)
2021-11-17		​	9,675,058(+37,868)	143,360(+201)
2021-11-18		​	9,721,916(+46,858)	143,559(+199)
2021-11-19		​	9,766,153(+44,237)	143,716(+157)
2021-11-20		​	9,806,034(+39,881)	143,866(+150)
2021-11-21		​	9,845,492(+39,458)	143,927(+61)
2021-11-22		​	9,889,926(+44,434)	143,972(+45)
2021-11-23		​	9,932,408(+42,482)	144,137(+165)
2021-11-24		​	9,974,843(+42,435)	144,286(+149)
2021-11-25		​	10,021,497(+46,654)	144,433(+147)
2021-11-26		​	10,070,841(+49,344)	144,593(+160)
2021-11-27		​	10,110,408(+39,567)	144,724(+131)
2021-11-28		​	10,146,915(+36,507)	144,775(+51)
2021-11-29		​	10,189,059(+42,144)	144,810(+35)
2021-11-30		​	10,228,772(+39,713)	144,969(+159)
2021-12-01		​	10,276,007(+47,235)	145,140(+171)
2021-12-02		​	10,329,074(+53,067)	145,281(+141)
2021-12-03		​	10,379,647(+50,573)	145,424(+143)
2021-12-04		​	10,421,104(+41,457)	145,551(+127)[xxv]
2021-12-05		​	10,464,389(+43,285)	145,605(+54)
2021-12-06		​	10,515,239(+50,850)	145,646(+41)
2021-12-07		​	10,560,341(+45,102)	145,826(+180)
2021-12-08		​	10,610,958(+50,617)	145,987(+161)
2021-12-09		​	10,660,981(+50,023)	146,135(+148)
2021-12-10		​	10,719,165(+58,184)	146,255(+120)
2021-12-11		​	10,771,444(+52,279)	146,387(+132)
2021-12-12		​	10,819,515(+48,071)	146,439(+52)
2021-12-13		​	10,873,468(+53,953)	146,477(+38)
2021-12-14		​	10,932,545(+59,077)	146,627(+150)
2021-12-15		​	11,010,286(+77,741)	146,791(+164)
2021-12-16		​	11,097,851(+87,565)	146,937(+146)
2021-12-17		​	11,190,354(+92,503)	147,048(+111)
2021-12-18		​	11,279,428(+89,074)	147,173(+125)
2021-12-19		​	11,361,387(+81,959)	147,218(+45)
2021-12-20		​	11,453,121(+91,734)	147,261(+43)
2021-12-21		​	11,542,143(+89,022)[xxvi]	147,433(+172)
2021-12-22		​	11,647,473(+105,330)[xxvii]	147,573(+140)
2021-12-23		​	11,769,921(+122,448)	147,720(+147)
Sources: The figures are compiled from validated data provided by NHS England and NHS Improvement, Health Protection Scotland, Public Health Wales and the Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), as reported daily by Public Health England.[36][37] Figures do not include the cases from British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. UK Summary (deaths / cases / Alternate data) Notes: ^On 25 March PHE changed reporting of deaths to be correct up to 17:00 the previous day, while cases are reported up to 09:00 the same day. Deaths reported for Tuesday 24 March only covered from 09:00 to 17:00 on that day; subsequent reporting is for 24-hour periods from 17:00 to 17:00.[38] ^Figures for 27 March and after include additional cases from tests carried out on key workers. ^Starting with the figures published on 29 April, deaths in all settings are now included. Previously, only deaths in hospitals were included in the official figures. The numbers in this table have been updated with backdated figures for previous dates. ^Positive cases are 27 lower than the difference between today’s and yesterday’s cumulative. This is due to Northern Ireland not processing testing data for 17 May, and the removal of a quality control sample from Wales data. ^Reduction in the cumulative total is due to unpublished corrections, and the reallocation of some positive test results to previous days. ^111 deaths were reported for 31 May. However, the cumulative total was revised to include an additional 445 deaths from the period from 26 April to 31 May identified by PHE as COVID-19 deaths having received a positive test. The numbers in this table have been updated with backdated figures from 23 May onwards. ^The methodology of reporting positive cases has been updated to remove duplicates within and across pillars 1 and 2, to ensure that a person who tests positive is only counted once. This has resulted in a reduction in the number of cumulative tests.Pillar 1: swab testing in Public Health England (PHE) labs and NHS hospitals for those with a clinical need, and health and care workers.Pillar 2: swab testing for the wider population, as set out in government guidance. ^Total positive cases reported for 14 July include an additional 842 cases from a testing laboratory in Wales. These positive cases should have been reflected in the data for 13 July. Had they been included in the 13 July data, there would have been 398 positive cases reported on 14 July, and the increases for 13 July and 14 July would have been 0.47% and 0.14% respectively. ^The way daily death figures are calculated is currently under review. Statement from HM Government: 'The Secretary of State has today, 17 July, asked PHE to urgently review their estimation of daily death statistics. Currently the daily deaths measure counts all people who have tested positive for coronavirus and since died, with no cut-off between time of testing and date of death. There have been claims that the lack of cut-off may distort the current daily deaths number. We are therefore pausing the publication of the daily figure while this is resolved.' ^After a review, the way daily death figures are calculated was changed. The daily death figures now only includes cases where a death occurred within 28 days of a positive test. ^ abA backlog of positive test results from the previous week are included in this figure. Statement from Public Health England: 'Due to a technical issue, which has now been resolved, there has been a delay in publishing a number of COVID-19 cases to the dashboard in England. This means the total reported over the coming days will include some additional cases from the period between 24 September and 1 October, increasing the number of cases reported.' ^Includes a backlog of 141 deaths. Statement from HM Government: 'Due to a processing update, 141 historical deaths within 28 days in England were excluded from the published data on 21 November. This issue was corrected for data published on 22 November, which included deaths omitted on 21 November within the total and daily number of newly reported deaths for 22 November.' ^Includes a backlog of about 11,000 positive test results from Wales. Statement from HM Government: 'The number of new UK cases reported on 17 December 2020 includes around 11,000 previously unreported cases for Wales as a result of system maintenance in the NHS Wales Laboratory Information Management System.' ^3 March: 172 deaths within 28 days of a positive test were added to Scotland and UK totals. ^13 March: Daily counts of deaths in England rely on multiple data sources. On 13 March 2021 there was a delay in receiving this information from one of these sources. This might have a small impact on the total number of deaths reported on that date. This delay will be reflected on the numbers published on 14 March 2021. ^31 March: During the Easter period, the COVID-19 Dashboard will be updated every day, but the amount of data being updated will vary. ^9 April: Change to case reporting in England ^18 May: 4,776 additional cases from England were removed ^19 May: further 561 additional cases from England were removed ^20 May: further 180 additional cases from England were removed ^Because of a public holiday, no data has been updated for Wales and only headline cases, vaccinations and deaths are available from Northern Ireland. ^Because of a network issue at Public Health Wales on 8 October 2021, cases and deaths within 28 days of positive test were reported after the UK dashboard was updated. ^Because of technical issues at Public Health Wales yesterday, the cases and deaths reported today cover a 72-hour period. ^Deaths data was not received from NHS England on 1st November 2021. This means that two days’ worth of data from this data source are potentially included in today’s figures. ^Public Health Scotland (PHS) are investigating a processing issue with UK Government Pillar 2 lab tests contributing to lower than expected cases. This means reported case numbers for Scotland on 4 December 2021 are likely lower than would have been expected. ^Issue with cases by test type – Because of a processing issue, positive lateral flow tests followed by a negative PCR test in England were not removed on 20 Dec 2021. Today's figures include removals for 2 days. ^The COVID-19 dashboard will not be updated on 25-26 December 2021. Daily reporting will resume on 27 December 2021. The availability of data will vary over the festive period.

Though later reporting indicated that there may have been some cases dating from late 2019,^[39][40] COVID-19 was confirmed to be spreading in the UK by the end of January 2020^[41] with the first confirmed deaths in March.^[42] The country was initially relatively slow in implementing restrictions.^[14][43][44] Subsequent epidemiological analysis showed that over 1000 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 entered the UK in early 2020 from international travellers, mostly from outbreaks elsewhere in Europe, leading to numerous clusters that overwhelmed contact tracing efforts.^[45] A legally-enforced Stay at Home Order, or lockdown, was introduced on 23 March,^[16] banning all non-essential travel and contact with other people, and shut schools, businesses, venues and gathering places. People were told to keep apart in public. Those with symptoms, and their households, were told to self-isolate, while those considered at highest risk were told to shield. The health services worked to raise hospital capacity and established temporary critical care hospitals, but initially faced some shortages of personal protective equipment. By mid-April it was reported that restrictions had 'flattened the curve' of the epidemic and the UK had passed its peak^[46] after 26,000 deaths.^[47] Restrictions were steadily eased across the UK in late spring and early summer that year.^{[48][49][50][51][52][53]} The UK's epidemic in early 2020 was at the time one of the largest and deadliest worldwide.^[45]

Second wave

By the autumn, COVID-19 cases were again rising.^[54] This led to the introduction of social distancing measures and some localised restrictions.^{[55][56][57][58][59][60]} Larger lockdowns took place in all of Wales, England and Northern Ireland later that season.^[61][62][63] In both England and Scotland, tiered restrictions were introduced in October,^[64] and England went into a month-long lockdown during November followed by new tiered restrictions in December.^[65] Multi-week 'circuit-breaker' lockdowns were imposed in Wales^[66] and Northern Ireland.^[67] A new variant of the virus is thought to have originated in Kent around September 2020.^[68][69] Once restrictions were lifted, the novel variant rapidly spread across the UK.^[22] Its increased transmissibility contributed to a continued increase in daily infections that surpassed previous records.^[70] The healthcare system had come under severe strain by late December^{[71][72][73][74][75][excessive citations]} which led to further restrictions being introduced across all of the UK.^{[76][77][78][79][excessive citations]} Following a brief easing of restrictions for Christmas, all of the UK went into a third lockdown. The second wave peaked in mid-January with over 1,000 daily deaths, before declining into the summer.^[80]

The first COVID-19 vaccine was approved and began being deployed across the UK in early December;^[81][24] with a staggered rollout prioritising the most vulnerable and then moving to progressively younger age groups.^[82] The UK was the first country to do so, and in early 2021 its vaccination program was one of the fastest in the world.^[24] By August 2021, more than 75% of adults in the UK were fully vaccinated against COVID-19.^[83] Quarantine rules for all incoming travellers were introduced for the first time in late January.^[84] Restrictions began to ease from late February onwards and almost all had ended in Great Britain by August.^{[85][86][87][88]}

Third wave

A third wave of daily infections began in July 2021 due to the arrival and rapid spread of the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.^[27] However, mass vaccination continued to keep deaths and hospitalisations at much lower levels than in previous waves.^[89][90] Infection rates remained high and hospitalisations and deaths rose into the autumn.^[26][91] The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was confirmed to have arrived and begun spreading in the community in early December,^[92] driving a further increase in cases^[28] that surpassed previous records, although the true number of infections was thought to be higher.^[93][94] It became mandatory for people to show proof of full vaccination or proof that they are not infected to enter certain indoor hospitality and entertainment venues. This applied to all nightclubs and indoor unseated events for at least 500 people; in Wales it also applied to cinemas and theatres; while in Northern Ireland it also applied to cinemas, theatres and licenced premises.^[29]

Responses

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Government have introduced various public health and economic measures to mitigate its impact. Devolution has meant that the four nations' administrative responses to the pandemic have differed; the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive have produced different policies to those that apply in England. Numerous laws have been enacted or introduced throughout the crisis.

The British government had developed a pandemic response plan in previous years. The first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the UK in January 2020; in response, the UK introduced advice for travellers coming from affected countries in late January and February 2020, and began contact tracing,^[95] although this was later abandoned. The government incrementally introduced further societal restrictions on the public as the virus spread across the country in the following weeks, initially resisting more stringent measures introduced elsewhere in Europe and Asia.^[96] Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced the first national lockdown on 23 March 2020 and Parliament introduced the Coronavirus Act 2020, which granted the devolved governments emergency powers and empowered the police to enforce public health measures.^[97] Once the nationwide stay-at-home order was lifted in May 2020, it was replaced by regional restrictions, social distancing measures, self-isolation laws for those exposed to the virus and rules on face masks. In autumn and winter 2020, further nationwide lockdowns were introduced in response to a surge in COVID-19 cases. A COVID-19 vaccination programme began in December 2020. In mid-2021, the government lifted most restrictions during the third wave driven by the Delta variant, until the 'winter plan' reintroduced some rules in response to the Omicron variant in December that year.

Economic support has been provided to struggling businesses and to furlough employees to mitigate the severe economic impact. It also streamlined the procurement process in contracts in response to shortages of medical equipment and for developing a contact tracing app.

The British government has faced criticism for its slow response to and poor preparation for the pandemic, which analysts and critics have blamed for the country's high death toll.^{[97][98][99][100]} A 2021 parliamentary report Coronavirus: Lessons learned to date described the decisions on lockdowns and social distancing during the early weeks of the pandemic, and the advice that led to them, as 'one of the most important public health failures the UK has ever experienced', and the vaccination approach, including its research, development, and rollout as 'one of the most effective initiatives in UK history'.^[101] A public inquiry will take place in 2022.

Impacts

Health and life expectancy

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the largest fall in life expectancy in England since records began in 1981.^[102][103] On average, British COVID-19 victims lost around a decade of life; the last time deaths rose so sharply in the UK was during World War II.^[104] In 2020, the disease was the leading cause of death among men, and second leading cause among women.^[102] Research suggests over 1 million people in the UK have had Long COVID, with the majority reporting substantial impacts on day to day life.^[105][106] The pandemic's major impact on the country's healthcare system, leading to long waiting lists for medical procedures and ambulances, also led to an indirect increase in deaths from other conditions.^[107] The lockdown also had a major mental health impact.^[108]

In August 2021, a report from Age UK found that 27% of people over 60 could not walk as far and 25% were living in more physical pain earlier this year compared to the start of the pandemic. 54% of older people felt less confident attending a hospital appointment, and 37% of older people felt less confident going to a GP surgery.^[109]

Economic

The pandemic was widely disruptive to the economy of the United Kingdom, with most sectors and workforces adversely affected. Some temporary shutdowns became permanent; some people who were furloughed were later made redundant.^[110][111] The economic disruption has had a significant impact on people's mental health—with particular damage to the mental health of foreign-born men whose work hours have been reduced/eliminated.^[112]

Social

The pandemic has had far-reaching consequences in the country that go beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it, including political, cultural, and social implications.

Spread to other countries and territories

Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the wife of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, tested positive for COVID-19 upon her return from WE Day events in the UK; on 12 March 2020 the Trudeau family entered two weeks of self-isolation.^[113] The first patient in Mauritius was a 59-year-old man who returned from the United Kingdom on 7 March 2020. When he arrived in Mauritius, the Mauritian had no symptoms.^[114] Other cases of the novel coronavirus resulting from travel to the UK were subsequently reported in India^[115][116] and Nigeria.^[117]

On 16 June 2020, it was widely reported in British media that New Zealand's first COVID-19 cases in 24 days were diagnosed in two British women, both of whom had travelled from the UK and were given special permission to visit a dying parent. The women had entered the country on 7 June, after first flying into Doha and Brisbane.^[118]

A 2021 study suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant which was first detected in Kent is thought to have began its spread to many countries internationally from flights originating in London in late 2020.^[119]

Statistics

This article presents official statistics gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

The official daily report from the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) counts those who died after testing positive for coronavirus. It 'could be the major cause, a contributory factor or simply present when they are dying of something else'.^[120] From 29 April 2020, the official figures include all coronavirus-positive deaths in the UK, wherever they happened.^[121] Before then, the official daily toll included only hospital deaths in England, but included all coronavirus-positive deaths in the rest of the UK wherever they happened, if known to public health agencies.^[122][123] There may be a delay between a death and it entering official statistics so families can be informed; this delay is usually a few days, but can be longer.^[124][125]

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) issues a weekly report covering the four countries, which counts all deaths where coronavirus was mentioned on the death certificate; not necessarily as the main cause of death. As of 21 September 2021, the total of registered deaths mentioning COVID-19 up till 10 September was 160,374, comprising 146,380 deaths for England, 8,129 for Wales, 10,688 for Scotland and 3,306 for Northern Ireland. In addition 184 non-UK residents died in England and Wales.^[126] This incorporates data from the National Records of Scotland and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. This figure is higher because it also counts deaths where no test was done.^{[122][123][127]} The ONS has analysed death certificates for England and Wales to the end of 2020 and shown that 91% of deaths which mention COVID-19 state this as the main cause of death (compared with 18% for flu and pneumonia).^[128]

As of 20 December 2021, there had been 11.4 million confirmed cases – the most in Europe and fourth-highest worldwide. By that date there had been 147,832^[3] deaths among people who had recently tested positive – the world's seventh-highest death toll and 28th-highest death rate by population.^[129][8] This is Europe's second-highest death toll after Russia, and 20th-highest death rate.^[8] Since early 2021 the UK has had one of the world's highest testing rates.^[130][131]

Mathematical modelling and government response

Reports from the Medical Research Council's Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College, London have been providing mathematically calculated estimates of cases and case fatality rates.^[132][133] In February 2020, the team at Imperial College, led by epidemiologist Neil Ferguson, estimated about two-thirds of cases in travellers from China were not detected and that some of these may have begun 'chains of transmission within the countries they entered'.^{[134][135][136]} They forecast that the new type of coronavirus could infect up to 60% of the UK's population, in the worst-case scenario.^[137]

In a paper on 16 March, the Imperial College team provided detailed forecasts of the potential impacts of the epidemic in the UK and US.^[138][139] It detailed the potential outcomes of an array of 'non-pharmaceutical interventions'. Two potential overall strategies outlined were: mitigation, in which the aim is to reduce the health impact of the epidemic but not to stop transmission completely; and suppression, where the aim is to reduce transmission rates to a point where case numbers fall. Until this point, government actions had been based on a strategy of mitigation, but the modelling predicted that while this would reduce deaths by approximately 2/3, it would still lead to approximately 250,000 deaths from the disease and the health systems becoming overwhelmed.^[138] On 16 March, the Prime Minister announced changes to government advice, extending self-isolation to whole households, advising social distancing particularly for vulnerable groups, and indicating that further measures were likely to be required in the future.^[140][139] A paper on 30 March by the Imperial College group estimated that the lockdown would reduce the number of dead from 510,000 to less than 20,000. This paper and others relied on data from European countries including the UK to estimate that the combined non-pharmaceutical interventions reduced the reproduction number of the virus by 67-87%, enough to stop infections from growing.^[141][142] However, followup work concluded that the effectiveness of interventions was lower in later waves of infections.^[143]

In April 2020, biostatistician Professor Sheila Bird said the delay in the reporting of deaths from the virus meant there was a risk of underestimating the steepness of the rising epidemic trend.^[144]

In December 2021 scientists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine predicted that Omicron could cause from 25,000 to 75,000 deaths in England over the five months to April unless there are more stringent restrictions. Omicron will probably be the dominant variant by the end December.^[145]

See also

• COVID-19 pandemic in England

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Notes

1. ^Deaths within 28 days of a positive test by date reported.
   Does not include the death of one British citizen on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship (see COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships), or the 84 recorded deaths in the British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies.
2. ^Deaths with COVID-19 on the death certificate by date of death.
3. ^Daily updates occur around 4 pm UTC.

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Further reading

• Arbuthnott, George, and Calvert, Jonathan, Failures of State: The Inside Story of Britain's Battle with Coronavirus (Harper Collins, 2021).
• Horton, Richard, The COVID–19 Catastrophe: What's Gone Wrong and How To Stop It Happening Again (Polity Press, 2021).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

• 'Coronavirus (COVID-19)'. NHS England. 2 June 2020.
• 'Coronavirus (COVID-19): what you need to do [in England]'. Government of the United Kingdom.
• 'The Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020'. Government of the United Kingdom.
• 'Advice on COVID-19 (coronavirus)'. Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland).
• 'Coronavirus United Kingdom'. worldometers.info.
• Variants of concern or under investigation — weekly update. Public Health England (Report).